Network Types

1. Local Area Network (LAN)
a privately owned network in the a building or campus-sized to several kilometers. LANs are often used to connect computers personal and workstation in the office of a company or pabrikpabrik to put together resources (Resouce, such as printers) and exchange information.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), is essentially a LAN version larger and usually use the technology same LAN. MAN may include corporate offices are close together or even a city and can be used for personal (private) or public. MAN capable of supporting data and voice, and even may be associated with the television network cable

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Its scope includes the A broad geographical, often covering a country or even continent. WAN consists of a collection of machines that aims to running programs (applications) user.

4. Internet
Actually there are many networks in the world, often using hardware and software different. People who connect to the network often wished to be communicate with other people connected to other networks. This desire requires a network inter compatibel and often no different. Usually to do this requires a machine called the gateway to perform relationships and implementing the necessary translation, both hardware or software. Collection network terinterkoneksi this is called the Internet.

5. Wireless (wireless network)
Wireless networking is a solution to the komukasi can not be done with network cables. For example people who want to get information or to communicate despite being located above car or plane, then the absolute wireless network necessary because the cable connection is not possible in the car or aircraft. We have a wireless network is used to bloom by using satellite services and provide the speed faster access than the networks using cable.

Network Type
Network type is closely related to the network operating system. There are two types
network, ie client-server and the type of peer to peer network.

1. Client-Server Network
Servers are computers that provide the facility for komputerkomputer others on the network and client computers are who receive or use the facilities provided by the server. Servers on the network client-server type is called a Dedicated Server as pure acts as a server that provides the facility to workstations and servers can not serve as workstation.

Advantages
• Higher access speeds due to the provision of network facilities and
management carried out exclusively by a single computer (server)
are not burdened with other tasks such as a workstation.
• Security systems and network administration is better, because
there is a computer that served as administrator network, which manages the administration and network security systems.
• Data backup system is better, because on a client-server network
backup performed centrally at the server, which will backup all data used in the network.

Weakness
• Operational costs are relatively more expensive.
• Required of a special computer-enabled more assigned to the server.
• Tissue viability depends on the server. If the server susceptible to interference, then the whole network will upset.

2. Peer To Peer Network
When viewed from the role of both types of servers in the network, then server in the network peer to peer type is termed non-dedicated server, because the server does not act as a pure server but at the same time can serve as workstation.

Advantages
• Inter computers in the network can share each other's facilities
he has such as: hard disk, drive, fax / modem, printer.
• Operational costs are relatively cheap compared with the type of client-server network, either because they do not require any server that has a special ability to organize and provide network facilities.
• Viability does not depend on the network work on one server. So that if one computer / peer dead or damaged tissue as a whole will not experience interference.

Weakness
• Troubleshooting network • relatively more difficult, because the type of network peer to peer every computer it is possible to engage in existing communications. In the client-server networks, communication is between the server with a workstation.
• Performance lower than the client-server networks, for each computer / peer in addition to managing the use of network facilities also need to manage their own job or application.
• Network security system is determined by each user to regulate the security of each facility owned.
• Because the network data scattered in each computer in the network, the backups should be performed by each computer it.

Network Protocol
To organize a variety of communication computer vendors needed a standardized rule and approved the various parties. Just as two people of different nations, then for communication requires translators / interpreters, or one language who understand both sides. In the world of computers and telecommunications is identical to the interpreter protocol. For that the world body to deal with standardization of ISO (International Standardization Organization) made rule known as the OSI reference model (Open Systems Interconnection). It is expected all vendors telecommunications equipment must be guided by a reference model in developing protocolnya. OSI reference model consists of 7 layers, ranging from physical layer up to with the application. This reference model is not only useful for produk LAN only, but in building the Internet network even
indispensable.

IP Address
IP address is the address given on the computer network and network equipment that uses TCP / IP. IP addresses consist for 32-bit binary numbers that can be written as four groups decimal numbers separated by a dot such as 193.160.5.1.

Example IP Address
Network ID = 193 160 5 Host ID = 1

IP addresses consist of two parts of the network ID and host ID, which network ID to determine the network address of the computer, while the host ID 20 determine the host address (computers, routers, switches). Therefore IP address provides the full address of a host and network address in which the host is located.

Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that allows the name of a host on the Internet computer network or translated into IP addresses. In giving the name, DNS uses architectural hierarchy:

• Root-level domain: the top level of the displayed as a dot (.).
• Top-level domain: category code or state organizations such as: . com for use by the company;. edu for use by the higher education;. gov for use by government agencies. Instead 22 was to distinguish the use of the name by a country with Other countries use such marks. id to Indonesia or. Au for Australia.
• Second level domain: the name for the organization or companies, for example: microsoft.com; yahoo.com, and others.

Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that allows the name of a host on the Internet computer network or translated into IP addresses. In giving the name, DNS uses architectural hierarchy:

• Root-level domain: the top level of the displayed as a dot (.). Top-level domain: category code or state organizations such as: . com for use by the company;. edu for use by the higher education;. gov for use by government agencies. Instead 22 was to distinguish the use of the name by a country with Other countries use such marks. id to Indonesia or. Au for Australia.
• Second level domain: the name for the organization or companies, for example: microsoft.com; yahoo.com, and others....

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
IP address and subnet mask can be provided automatically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or filled out manual. DHCP function to provide IP addresses automatically on a computer that uses TCP / IP. DHCP works with the client-server relationship, where the DHCP server provides a groups of IP addresses that can be given to the DHCP client. Deep This gives the IP address, DHCP lends an IP address only it. So giving this place an IP address dynamically.
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